Surgical and radiologic anatomy 2008/2009

Radiologic anatomy of the sacral canal.

The extradural space is currently investigated through fluoroscopy and ultrasound for surgical approach, whereas magnetic resonance imaging has been used to provide detailed information. The aim of the present paper is to describe the radiologic anatomy of the sacral canal through a review of its appearance in the different radiologic techniques. CT is able to visualise also the sacrum and the ...

Surgical Anatomy and Technique

Copyright © 2009 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Extended endoscopic endonasal approaches are becoming increasingly applied in the management of various intracranial pathol ogies along the midline cranial base. On one end of the complexity spectrum lie lesions such as pituitary adenomas and encephaloceles of the cribriform plate, which can be more easily approached through the endonasa...

Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Anatomy

The adrenal glands were first described in 1552 by the Italian anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi in his Opuscula Anatomica as ‘‘glandulae renis incumbentes’’ (glands lying on the kidney) [1], but their function remained controversial for the next 300 years [2]. The adrenal have a dual origin (Fig. 2.1a, b), i.e. the cortex arises from mesoderm whereas the medulla has a neuroectodermal origin [2]. T...